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VNC stands for Virtual Network Computing, which is a graphical desktop sharing system that allows users to remotely control another computer over a network connection. VNC functions by using the RFB (Remote Frame Buffer) protocol to transmit keyboard and mouse events from one computer to another, and to display the graphical output of the remote system on the user's local computer. This functionality is widely used for remote administration, technical support, and accessing files and applications on a distant machine.

The other options, while they contain elements related to networking or virtualization, do not accurately represent the well-established protocol known as VNC. Virtual Network Configuration and Virtual Node Communication are not recognized terms within the context of remote desktop services, and Virtual Network Connection, while somewhat relevant, does not capture the essence of the VNC functionality, which focuses specifically on the remote graphical interface and user interaction.